CONTENTS
FOREWORD
NOTE ON THIS VERSION OF ESA95
SUMMARY
CONTENTS
LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL FEATURES
THE USES OF THE ESA
Framework for analysis
and policy
Eight characteristics of ESA
concepts
The 1995 ESA and the 1993 SNA
The 1995 ESA and the 1970 ESA
THE ESA AS A SYSTEM
Statistical units and their
groupings
Institutional units and
sectors
Local kind-of-activity
units and industries
Resident and non-resident
units; total economy and rest of the world
Flows and stocks
Flows
Transactions
Properties of transactions
Interactions
versus intra-unit transactions
Monetary versus
non-monetary transactions
Transactions with and
without counterparts
Rearranged transactions
Rerouting
Partitioning
Recognising the
principal party to a transaction
Borderline cases
Other changes in assets
Other changes in the
volume of assets and liabilities
Holding gains and
losses
Stocks
The system of accounts an the aggregates
Rules of accounting
Terminology for the two
sides of the accounts
Double entry/quadruple
entry
Valuation
Special valuations
concerning products
Valuation at constant
prices
Time of recording
Consolidation and netting
Consolidation
Netting
Accounts, balancing items
and aggregates
The sequence of accounts
The goods and services account
The rest of the world account
Balancing items
Aggregates
The input-output framework
CHAPTER 2 UNITS
AND GROUPINGS OF UNITS
THE LIMITS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
THE INSTITUTIONAL UNITS
THE INSTITUTIONAL SECTORS
Non-financial corporations
(S.11)
Sub-sector: Public
non-financial corporations (S.11001)
Sub-sector: National
private non-financial corporations (S.11002)
Sub-sector: Foreign
controlled non-financial corporations (S.11003)
Financial corporations (S.12)
Sub-sector: The central
bank (S.121)
Sub-sector: Other monetary
financial institutions (S.122)
Sub-sector: Other financial
intermediaries, except insurance corporations and
pension funds (S.123)
Sub-sector: Financial
auxiliaries (S.124)
Sub-sector: Insurance
corporations and pension funds (S.125)
General government (S.13)
Sub-sector: Central
government (S.1311)
Sub-sector: State
government (S.1312)
Sub-sector: Local
government (S.1313)
Sub-sector: Social security
funds (S.1314)
Households (S.14)
Sub-sector: Employers
(including own-account workers) (S.141+S.142)
Sub-sector: Employees
(S.143)
Sub-sector: Recipients of
property incomes (S.1441)
Sub-sector: Recipients of
pensions (S.1442)
Sub-sector: Recipients of
other transfer incomes (S.1443)
Sub-sector: Others (S. 145)
Non-profit institutions serving
households (S.15)
Rest of the world (S.2)
Sector classification of
producers units for main standard legal forms of
ownership
LOCAL KIND-OF-ACTIVITY UNITS AND
INDUSTRIES
The local kind-of-activity unit
The industry
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
UNITS OF HOMOGENEOUS PRODUCTION AND
HOMOGENEOUS BRANCHES
The unit of homogeneous
production
The homogeneous branch
THE CLASSIFICATION OF HOMOGENEOUS
BRANCHES
CHAPTER 3
TRANSACTIONS IN PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION AND OUTPUT
Principal, secondary and
ancillary activities
Output (P.1)
Institutional units:
distinction between market, for own final use and
other non-market
Local KAUs and their
outputs: distinction between market, for own final
use and other non-market
Time of recording and valuation
of output
INTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTION (P.2)
Time of recording and valuation
of intermediate consumption
FINAL CONSUMPTION (P.3, P.4)
Final consumption
expenditure (P.3)
Actual final consumption (P.4)
Time of recording and valuation
of final consumption expenditure
Time of recording and valuation
of actual final consumption
GROSS CAPITAL FORMATION (P.5)
Gross fixed capital formation
(P.51)
Time of recording and valuation
of gross fixed capital formation
Changes in inventories (P.52)
Time of recording and valuation
of changes in inventories
Acquisitions less disposals of
valuables (P.53)
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF GOODS AND
SERVICES (P.6 and P.7)
Imports and exports of goods
(P.61 and P.71)
Imports and exports of services
(P.62 and P.72)
TRANSACTIONS IN EXISTING GOODS
CHAPTER 4
DISTRIBUTIVE TRANSACTIONS
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES (D.1)
Wages and salaries (D.11)
Wages and salaries in cash
Wages and salaries in kind
Employers’ social
contributions (D.12)
Employers’ actual
social contributions (D.121)
Employers’ imputed
social contributions (D.122)
TAXES ON PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS
(D.2)
Taxes on products (D.21)
Value added type taxes
(VAT) (D.211)
Taxes and duties on imports
excluding VAT (D.212)
Taxes on products, except
VAT and import taxes (D.214)
Other taxes on production
(D.29)
Taxes on production and imports
paid to the Institutions of the European Union
SUBSIDIES (D.3)
Subsidies on products (D.31)
Import subsidies (D.311)
Other subsidies on products
(D.319)
Other subsidies on
production (D.39)
PROPERTY INCOME (D.4)
Interest (D.41)
Interest on deposits, loans
and accounts receivable and payable
Interest on securities
Interest
on bills and similar short-term instruments
Interest on bonds and
debentures
Interest rate swaps and
forward rate agreements
Interest on financial
leases
Other interests
Time of recording
Distributed income of crporations (D.42)
Dividends (D.421)
Withdrawals from the income
of quasi-corporations (D.422)
Reinvested earnings on direct
foreign investment (D.43)
Property income attributed to
insurance policy holders (D.44)
Rents
Rents on land
Rents on sub-soil assets
CURRENT TAXES ON INCOME, WEALTH,
ETC. (D.5)
Taxes on income (D.51)
Other current taxes (D.59)
SOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND BENEFITS
(D.6)
Social contributions (D.61)
Actual social contributions
(D.611)
Imputed social
contributions (D.612)
Social benefits other than
social transfers in kind (D.62)
Social security benefits in
cash (D.621)
Private funded social
benefits (D.622)
Unfunded employee social
benefits (D.623)
Social assistance benefits
in cash (D.624)
Social transfers in kind (D.63)
Social benefits in kind
(D.631)
Social security
benefits, reimbursements (D.6311)
Other social security
benefits in kind (D.6312)
Social assistance
benefits in kind (D.6313)
Transfers of individual
non-market goods or services (D.632)
OTHER CURRENT TRANSFERS
Net non-life insurance
premiums (D.71)
Non-life insurance claims
(D.72)
Current transfers within
general government (D.73)
Current international
cooperation (D.74)
Miscellaneous current transfer (D.75)
Current transfers
to NPISHs
Current transfers between
households
Fines and penalties
Lotteries and gambling
Payments of compensation
GNP based fourth own
resource
Other
ADJUSTMENT FOR THE CHANGE IN THE
NET EQUITY OF HOUSEHOLDS IN PENSION FUNDS RESERVES (D.8)
CAPITAL TRANSFERS (D.9)
Capital taxes (D.91)
Investment grants (D.92)
Other capital transfers (D.99)
CHAPTER 5
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL
TRANSACTIONS
Monetary Gold and special
drawing rights (SDRs) (F.1)
Monetary gold (F.11)
Special drawing rights
(SDRs) (F.12)
Currency and deposits (F.2)
Currency (F.21)
Transferable deposits
(F.22)
Other deposits (F.29)
Securities other than shares
(F.3)
Securities other than
shares, excluding financial derivatives (F.33)
Short-term securities
other than shares, excluding financial
derivatives (F.331)
Long-term securities
other than shares, excluding financial
derivatives (F.332)
Financial derivatives
(F.34)
Loans (F.4)
Short-term loans (F.41)
Long-term loans (F.42)
Shares and other equity (F.5)
Shares and other equity,
excluding mutual funds shares (F.51)
Quoted shares,
excluding mutual funds shares (F.511), and
unquoted shares, excluding mutual funds shares
(F.512)
Other equity (F.513)
Mutual funds shares (F.52)
Insurance technical reserves
(F.6)
Net equity of households in
life insurance reserves and in pension funds reserves
(F.61)
Net equity of
households in life insurance reserves (F.611)
Net equity of
households in pension funds reserves (F.612)
Prepayments of insurance
premiums and reserves for outstanding claims (F.62)
Other accounts
receivable/payable (F.7)
Trade credits and advances
(F.71)
Other accounts
receivable/payable, excluding trade credits and
advances (F.79)
Memorandum item: direct foreign
investment (F.m)
ACCOUNTING RULES FOR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
Valuation
Time of recording
Compiling financial
transactions from changes in balance sheets
ANNEX 5.1 LINK WITH MEASURES OF
MONEY
CHAPTER 6 OTHER
FLOWS
CONSUMPTION OF FIXED CAPITAL (K.1)
ACQUISITIONS LESS DISPOSALS OF
NON-FINANCIAL NON-PRODUCED ASSETS (K.2)
OTHER CHANGES IN ASSETS (K.3 —
K.12)
OTHER CHANGES IN VOLUME (K.3 —
K.10 AND K.12)
ECONOMIC APPEARANCE OF NON-PRODUCED
ASSETS (K.3)
ECONOMIC APPEARANCE OF PRODUCED
ASSETS (K.4)
NATURAL GROWTH OF NON-CULTIVATED
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES (K.5)
ECONOMIC DISAPPEARANCE OF
NON-PRODUCED ASSETS (K.6)
CATASTROPHIC LOSSES (K.7)
UNCOMPENSATED SEIZURES (K.8)
OTHER VOLUME CHANGES IN
NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS N.E.C. (K.9)
OTHER VOLUME CHANGES IN FINANCIAL
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES N.E.C. (K.10)
CHANGES IN CLASSIFICATIONS AND
STRUCTURE (K.12)
Changes in sector
classification and structure (K.12.1)
Changes in classification of
assets and liabilities (K12.2)
NOMINAL HOLDING GAINS/LOSSES (K.11)
Neutral holding gains/losses
(K.11.1)
Real holding gains/losses
(K.11.2)
Holding gains by type of financial assets
Currency and
deposits (AF.2)
Loans (AF.4) and other
accounts receivable/payable (AF.7)
Securities other than
shares (AF.3)
Shares and other equity
(AF.5)
Insurance technical
reserves (AF.6)
Financial assets in foreign
currency
CHAPTER 7
BALANCE SHEETS
TYPES OF ASSETS
Non-financial produced assets
(AN.1)
Non-financial non-produced
assets (AN.2)
Financial assets and
liabilities (AF.)
VALUATION OF ENTRIES IN THE BALANCE SHEETS
General valuation
principles
NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS (AN.)
Produced assets (AN.1)
Fixed assets (AN.11)
Tangible fixed
assets (AN.111)
Intangible fixed assets
(AN.112)
Inventories (AN.12)
Valuables (AN.13)
Non-produced assets (AN.2)
Tangible non-produced assets (AN.21)
Land (AN.211)
Subsoil assets (AN.212)
Other natural assets
(AN.213 and AN.214)
Intangible non-produced
assets (AN.22)
Financial assets and
liabilities (AF.)
Monetary gold and SDRs
(AF.1)
Currency and deposits
(AF.2)
Securities other than
shares (AF.3)
Loans (AF.4)
Shares and other equity
(AF.5)
Insurance technical
reserves (AF.6)
Other accounts
receivable/payable (AF.7)
Memorandum items
Consumer durables (AN.m)
Direct foreign investment
(AF.m)
Financial balance sheets
ANNEX 7.1 DEFINITION OF EACH ASSET
CATEGORY
ANNEX 7.2 A MAP OF ENTRIES FROM
OPENING BALANCE SHEET TO CLOSING BALANCE SHEET
CHAPTER 8
SEQUENCE OF ACCOUNTS AND BALANCING ITEMS
SEQUENCE OF ACCOUNTS
Current accounts
Production account (I)
Distribution and use of income
accounts (II)
Primary distribution of income accounts (II.1)
Generation of
income account (II.1.1)
Allocation of primary
income account (II.1.2)
Entrepreneurial
income account (II.1.2.1)
Allocation of other
primary income account (II.1.2.2)
Secondary distribution of
income account (II.2)
Redistribution of income in
kind account (II.3)
Use of income account
(II.4)
Use of disposable
income account (II.4.1)
Use of adjusted
disposable income account (II.4.2)
Accumulation accounts
(III)
Capital account (III.1)
Change in net worth due
to saving and capital transfers account (III.1.1)
Acquisitions of
non-financial assets account (III.1.2)
Financial account (III.2)
Other changes in assets
account (III.3)
Other changes in volume
of assets account (III.3.1)
Revaluation account
(III.3.2)
Neutral holding
gains and losses account (III.3.2.1)
Real holding gains
and losses account (III.3.2.2)
Balance sheets (IV)
Opening balance sheet
(IV.1)
Changes in balance sheet
(IV.2)
Closing balance sheet
(IV.3)
REST OF THE WORLD ACCOUNTS (V)
Current accounts
External account
of goods and services (V.I)
External account of primary
incomes and current transfers (V.II)
External accumulation accounts (V.III)
Capital account
(V.III.1)
Financial account (V.III.2)
Other changes in assets
account (V.III.3)
Balance sheets (V.IV)
GOODS AND SERVICES ACCOUNT (0)
INTEGRATED ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
Aggregates
Gross domestic product at
market prices (GDP)
Operating surplus of the
total economy
Mixed income of the total
economy
Entrepreneurial income of
the total economy
National income (at market
prices)
National disposable income
Saving
Current external balance
Net lending (+ ) or
borrowing (-) of the total economy
Net worth of the total
economy
General Government expenditure and
revenue
MATRIX PRESENTATION
Matrix presentation of ESA
accounts
Properties of accounting
matrices
Adaptation of the reduced
format matrix to specific types of analysis
CHAPTER 9
INPUT-OUTPUT FRAMEWORK
SUPPLY AND USE TABLES
TABLES LINKING THE SUPPLY AND
USE TABLES TO THE SECTOR ACCOUNTS
SYMMETRIC INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES
CHAPTER 10 PRICE
AND VOLUME MEASURES
SCOPE OF PRICE AND VOLUME INDICES
IN THE ACCOUNTS SYSTEM
The integrated system of price
and volume indices
Price and volume indices for
other aggregates
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING PRICE AND VOLUME INDICES
Definition of prices
and volumes of market products
Differences in quality and
differences in price
Principles for non-market
services
Principles for value added and
GDP
PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE
PRINCIPLES
General application
Application to specific flows
Flows of goods and
market services
Flows of non-market
services
Taxes and subsidies on
products and imports
Consumption of fixed
capital
Compensation of employees
Stocks of produced fixed
assets and inventories
Measures of real
income for the total economy
CHOICE OF INDEX NUMBER FORMULAE AND
THE BASE YEAR
INTERSPATIAL PRICE AND VOLUME
INDICES
CHAPTER 11
POPULATION AND LABOUR INPUTS
TOTAL POPULATION
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION
EMPLOYMENT
Employees
Self-employed persons
Employment and residence
UNEMPLOYMENT
JOBS
Jobs and residence
TOTAL HOURS WORKED
FULL-TIME EQUIVALENCE
EMPLOYEE LABOUR INPUT AT CONSTANT
COMPENSATION
CHAPTER 12
QUARTERLY ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS
CHAPTER 13
REGIONAL ACCOUNTS
REGIONAL TERRITORY
UNITS AND RESIDENCE
METHODS OF REGIONALISATION
AGGREGATES BY INDUSTRY
HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNTS
ANNEX I
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION SERVICES INDIRECTLY MEASURED (FISIM)
ANNEX II LEASING AND HIRE PURCHASE OF
DURABLE GOODS
DEFINITIONS
Leasing
Operating leasing
Financial leasing
Hire purchase
TREATMENT IN THE ACCOUNTS
Operating leasing
Financial leasing
Hire purchase
ANNEX III INSURANCE
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
Social insurance
Social security schemes of
government
Private funded social
insurance schemes
Unfunded social insurance
schemes operated by employers
Other insurance
Other life insurance
Other non-life insurance
Reinsurance
Insurance auxiliaries
TREATMENT IN THE ACCOUNTS
Social insurance
Social security
schemes of government
Private funded social
insurance schemes
Unfunded social insurance
schemes operated by employers
Other insurance
Other life insurance
Other non-life insurance
Reinsurance
Insurance auxiliaries
INSURANCE: NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
ANNEX IV CLASSIFICATIONS AND ACCOUNTS
CLASSIFICATIONS
Classification of
institutional sectors (S)
Classification of transactions and other flows
Transactions in
products (goods and services) (P)
Distributive transactions
(D)
Transactions in financial
instruments (F) (Net acquisition of financial
assets/net incurrence of liabilities)
Other accumulation entries
(K)
Classification of balancing
items (B)
Classification of assets
Non-financial
assets (AN)
Financial
assets/liabilities (AF)
Regrouping and coding of Industries(A),
Products(P) and Investments (Fixed capital
formation)(Pi)
A60
A31
A17
P60
P31
P17
A6
A3
P6
P3
Pi6
Pi3
Classification of individual
consumption by purpose (COICOP)
Classification of the functions
of the government (COFOG)
Classification of the purposes of non-profit
institutions serving households (COPNI)
ACCOUNTS
Table A.IV.1
Table A.IV.2
Table A.IV.3
Table A.IV.4
Table A.IV.5
Table A.IV.6
Table A.IV.7
ANNEX V DEFINITION OF THE
GOVERNMENT DEFICIT FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE EXCESSIVE DEFICIT PROCEDURE
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
INDEX OF TABLES
MULTILINGUAL
INDEX